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Zaki, Farooq Ahmad
- Selectivity of Some Newer Horticultural Mineral Oils and Some Insecticides on Parasitoid Complex of San Jose Scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) on Apple in Kashmir
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Entomolgy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar (J&K), IN
1 Division of Entomolgy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar (J&K), IN
Source
Asian Journal of Bio Science, Vol 3, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 120-123Abstract
Field trials were conducted during 2004 to study the effectiveness of five horticultural mineral oils (HMOs) viz., D.C. tron plus (O1), P.D. spray oil (O2), H.P. spray oil (O3), Atso spray oil (O4) and Diesel oil (O5) @ 2 per cent alone and in combination with five chemical insecticides, viz., endosulfan (C1), ethion (C2), Chlorpyrifos (C3), dimethoate (C4) and quinalphos (C5) @ 0.05, 0.05, 0.021, 0.03 and 0.03 per cent, respectively against the San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) on apple trees used as dormant spray. All treatments were observed effective against the pest but at the same time all treatments were evaluated for their impact on emergence of predominant parasitoids of San Jose scale (Encarsia perniciosus and Aphytis proclia). It was observed from the caged twig samples that all insecticides have more or less deleterious effect on the bio-agents. In oils alone highest population (3.66) of parasitoids were found associated with O5 (Diesel oil) and lowest with O1 (D.C. tron plus) 1.22 per cm2 while in combination highest (2.55) emergence of parasitoids were found associated with O2C2 (P.D. spray oil + ethion) and lowest (0.11%) with O1C3 (D.C. tron plus + chloripyrifos). It was observed from the data that all oils were found safe to both the parasitoids with D.C. tron plus (O1) slightly more toxic than other oils, while oil-chemical combination have deleterious effect on emergence of parasitoids.Keywords
Horticultural Mineral Oils, Insecticides, Dormant Spray, Parasitoids, Apple, Selectivity.
- Virulence and recovery of a cold tolerant Kashmir isolate of EPN, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (SKUASTK-EPN-Hr 01) with respect to white grub, Heteronychus sp. in Srinagar (J and K)
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar – 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, (J and K), IN
1 Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar – 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, IN
2 Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, (J and K), IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 19-24Abstract
The virulence of a cold tolerant indigenous Kashmir isolate of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (SKUASTK-EPN-Hr 01) tested against 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars of white grub, Heteronychus sp. @ 0, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 IJs/grub using Petri dish bioassay method, revealed large differences in the virulence of H. bacteriophora towards the different stages of Heteronychus sp. However, there was a positive correlation between nematode concentration and the insect mortality. The 3rd instar grubs succumbed to nematode infection later (LT50 = 6.47 days at 250 IJs/grub) than the grubs of 2nd (LT50 = 3.23 days at 250 IJs/grub) and 1st instars (LT50 = 2.44 days at 250 IJs/grub). When grubs were in 1st instar, relatively shorter exposure periods and low nematode concentrations (LC50 = 126.72 IJs/grub at 5 DAE) were needed for achieving lethal nematode infections as compared to 2nd (LC50 = 176.02 IJs/grub at 5 DAE) and 3rd (LC50 = 456.35 IJs/grub at 5 DAE) instar grubs where longer exposure periods and high nematode concentrations were required. The recovery of nematode infective juveniles per grub ranged from 47.47-51.32 x 103, 89.19-92.85 x 103 and 260.36-263.95 x 103 IJs in 1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars of Heteronychus sp., respectively. The total time period between the grub mortality and the initiation of emergence and between grub mortality and the cessation of emergence of nematode infective juveniles from the cadavers ranged from 6-8, 14-16 and 22-24 days, and 21-26, 31-36 and 42-45 days in case of 1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars of white grub, Heteronychus sp., respectively.Keywords
Concentration, Mortality Response, Nematode Recovery, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heteronychus sp.Full Text
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